About Hantavirus

What is Hantavirus?

Hantaviruses are a group of rodent-borne viruses that can cause severe illness in humans. They are zoonotic pathogens, meaning they naturally infect animals and occasionally spill over to people. Hantavirus is transmitted through contact with infected rodent urine, droppings, or saliva—primarily through inhalation of contaminated aerosols.

Andes Virus (ANDV)

Andes virus is a hantavirus found primarily in South America, particularly in Argentina and Chile. It is the only hantavirus known to spread from person to person through respiratory contact, making it unique among the genus and particularly concerning for healthcare workers and family members of infected individuals.

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

HPS is a severe respiratory illness caused by hantavirus in the Americas. Symptoms typically appear 1–3 weeks after exposure and include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, headache, dizziness, cough, and shortness of breath. The disease progresses rapidly from fever to respiratory distress.

Case fatality rates reach 38–50% for those who develop respiratory symptoms. There is no specific antiviral treatment; care is supportive (supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation if needed, careful fluid management, and close monitoring of vital signs).

Transmission Routes

• Rodent contact (primary): Inhalation of aerosols from infected rodent urine, droppings, or saliva. Risk highest in enclosed spaces with poor ventilation.
• Person-to-person (Andes virus only): Close contact with infected persons, including exposure to respiratory secretions.
• Incubation period: 4–42 days after exposure (average: 2–4 weeks).

Prevention

• Seal cracks and gaps in homes and buildings to prevent rodent entry
• Keep living areas clean and free of rodent droppings
• Avoid contact with wild rodents or their contaminated materials
• Use proper personal protective equipment (gloves, N95 masks) when cleaning rodent-infested spaces
• For those exposed to infected persons: Consult a healthcare provider immediately
• Healthcare workers: Use appropriate PPE when caring for suspected cases

Disclaimer

This site is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Do not rely on this information for medical diagnosis or treatment decisions. If you believe you have been exposed to hantavirus or are experiencing symptoms, consult a healthcare provider immediately.